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+""" This module implements the block map (bmap) creation functionality and
+provides the corresponding API in form of the 'BmapCreate' class.
+
+The idea is that while images files may generally be very large (e.g., 4GiB),
+they may nevertheless contain only little real data, e.g., 512MiB. This data
+are files, directories, file-system meta-data, partition table, etc. When
+copying the image to the target device, you do not have to copy all the 4GiB of
+data, you can copy only 512MiB of it, which is 4 times less, so copying should
+presumably be 4 times faster.
+
+The block map file is an XML file which contains a list of blocks which have to
+be copied to the target device. The other blocks are not used and there is no
+need to copy them. The XML file also contains some additional information like
+block size, image size, count of mapped blocks, etc. There are also many
+commentaries, so it is human-readable.
+
+The image has to be a sparse file. Generally, this means that when you generate
+this image file, you should start with a huge sparse file which contains a
+single hole spanning the entire file. Then you should partition it, write all
+the data (probably by means of loop-back mounting the image or parts of it),
+etc. The end result should be a sparse file where mapped areas represent useful
+parts of the image and holes represent useless parts of the image, which do not
+have to be copied when copying the image to the target device.
+
+This module uses the FIBMAP ioctl to detect holes. """
+
+# Disable the following pylint recommendations:
+# * Too many instance attributes - R0902
+# * Too few public methods - R0903
+# pylint: disable=R0902,R0903
+
+import hashlib
+from mic.utils.misc import human_size
+from mic.utils import Fiemap
+
+# The bmap format version we generate
+SUPPORTED_BMAP_VERSION = "1.3"
+
+_BMAP_START_TEMPLATE = \
+"""<?xml version="1.0" ?>
+<!-- This file contains the block map for an image file, which is basically
+ a list of useful (mapped) block numbers in the image file. In other words,
+ it lists only those blocks which contain data (boot sector, partition
+ table, file-system metadata, files, directories, extents, etc). These
+ blocks have to be copied to the target device. The other blocks do not
+ contain any useful data and do not have to be copied to the target
+ device.
+
+ The block map an optimization which allows to copy or flash the image to
+ the image quicker than copying of flashing the entire image. This is
+ because with bmap less data is copied: <MappedBlocksCount> blocks instead
+ of <BlocksCount> blocks.
+
+ Besides the machine-readable data, this file contains useful commentaries
+ which contain human-readable information like image size, percentage of
+ mapped data, etc.
+
+ The 'version' attribute is the block map file format version in the
+ 'major.minor' format. The version major number is increased whenever an
+ incompatible block map format change is made. The minor number changes
+ in case of minor backward-compatible changes. -->
+
+<bmap version="%s">
+ <!-- Image size in bytes: %s -->
+ <ImageSize> %u </ImageSize>
+
+ <!-- Size of a block in bytes -->
+ <BlockSize> %u </BlockSize>
+
+ <!-- Count of blocks in the image file -->
+ <BlocksCount> %u </BlocksCount>
+
+"""
+
+class Error(Exception):
+ """ A class for exceptions generated by this module. We currently support
+ only one type of exceptions, and we basically throw human-readable problem
+ description in case of errors. """
+ pass
+
+class BmapCreate:
+ """ This class implements the bmap creation functionality. To generate a
+ bmap for an image (which is supposedly a sparse file), you should first
+ create an instance of 'BmapCreate' and provide:
+
+ * full path or a file-like object of the image to create bmap for
+ * full path or a file object to use for writing the results to
+
+ Then you should invoke the 'generate()' method of this class. It will use
+ the FIEMAP ioctl to generate the bmap. """
+
+ def _open_image_file(self):
+ """ Open the image file. """
+
+ try:
+ self._f_image = open(self._image_path, 'rb')
+ except IOError as err:
+ raise Error("cannot open image file '%s': %s" \
+ % (self._image_path, err))
+
+ self._f_image_needs_close = True
+
+ def _open_bmap_file(self):
+ """ Open the bmap file. """
+
+ try:
+ self._f_bmap = open(self._bmap_path, 'w+')
+ except IOError as err:
+ raise Error("cannot open bmap file '%s': %s" \
+ % (self._bmap_path, err))
+
+ self._f_bmap_needs_close = True
+
+ def __init__(self, image, bmap):
+ """ Initialize a class instance:
+ * image - full path or a file-like object of the image to create bmap
+ for
+ * bmap - full path or a file object to use for writing the resulting
+ bmap to """
+
+ self.image_size = None
+ self.image_size_human = None
+ self.block_size = None
+ self.blocks_cnt = None
+ self.mapped_cnt = None
+ self.mapped_size = None
+ self.mapped_size_human = None
+ self.mapped_percent = None
+
+ self._mapped_count_pos1 = None
+ self._mapped_count_pos2 = None
+ self._sha1_pos = None
+
+ self._f_image_needs_close = False
+ self._f_bmap_needs_close = False
+
+ if hasattr(image, "read"):
+ self._f_image = image
+ self._image_path = image.name
+ else:
+ self._image_path = image
+ self._open_image_file()
+
+ if hasattr(bmap, "read"):
+ self._f_bmap = bmap
+ self._bmap_path = bmap.name
+ else:
+ self._bmap_path = bmap
+ self._open_bmap_file()
+
+ self.fiemap = Fiemap.Fiemap(self._f_image)
+
+ self.image_size = self.fiemap.image_size
+ self.image_size_human = human_size(self.image_size)
+ if self.image_size == 0:
+ raise Error("cannot generate bmap for zero-sized image file '%s'" \
+ % self._image_path)
+
+ self.block_size = self.fiemap.block_size
+ self.blocks_cnt = self.fiemap.blocks_cnt
+
+ def _bmap_file_start(self):
+ """ A helper function which generates the starting contents of the
+ block map file: the header comment, image size, block size, etc. """
+
+ # We do not know the amount of mapped blocks at the moment, so just put
+ # whitespaces instead of real numbers. Assume the longest possible
+ # numbers.
+ mapped_count = ' ' * len(str(self.image_size))
+ mapped_size_human = ' ' * len(self.image_size_human)
+
+ xml = _BMAP_START_TEMPLATE \
+ % (SUPPORTED_BMAP_VERSION, self.image_size_human,
+ self.image_size, self.block_size, self.blocks_cnt)
+ xml += " <!-- Count of mapped blocks: "
+
+ self._f_bmap.write(xml)
+ self._mapped_count_pos1 = self._f_bmap.tell()
+
+ # Just put white-spaces instead of real information about mapped blocks
+ xml = "%s or %.1f -->\n" % (mapped_size_human, 100.0)
+ xml += " <MappedBlocksCount> "
+
+ self._f_bmap.write(xml)
+ self._mapped_count_pos2 = self._f_bmap.tell()
+
+ xml = "%s </MappedBlocksCount>\n\n" % mapped_count
+
+ # pylint: disable=C0301
+ xml += " <!-- The checksum of this bmap file. When it is calculated, the value of\n"
+ xml += " the SHA1 checksum has be zeoro (40 ASCII \"0\" symbols). -->\n"
+ xml += " <BmapFileSHA1> "
+
+ self._f_bmap.write(xml)
+ self._sha1_pos = self._f_bmap.tell()
+
+ xml = "0" * 40 + " </BmapFileSHA1>\n\n"
+ xml += " <!-- The block map which consists of elements which may either be a\n"
+ xml += " range of blocks or a single block. The 'sha1' attribute (if present)\n"
+ xml += " is the SHA1 checksum of this blocks range. -->\n"
+ xml += " <BlockMap>\n"
+ # pylint: enable=C0301
+
+ self._f_bmap.write(xml)
+
+ def _bmap_file_end(self):
+ """ A helper function which generates the final parts of the block map
+ file: the ending tags and the information about the amount of mapped
+ blocks. """
+
+ xml = " </BlockMap>\n"
+ xml += "</bmap>\n"
+
+ self._f_bmap.write(xml)
+
+ self._f_bmap.seek(self._mapped_count_pos1)
+ self._f_bmap.write("%s or %.1f%%" % \
+ (self.mapped_size_human, self.mapped_percent))
+
+ self._f_bmap.seek(self._mapped_count_pos2)
+ self._f_bmap.write("%u" % self.mapped_cnt)
+
+ self._f_bmap.seek(0)
+ sha1 = hashlib.sha1(self._f_bmap.read()).hexdigest()
+ self._f_bmap.seek(self._sha1_pos)
+ self._f_bmap.write("%s" % sha1)
+
+ def _calculate_sha1(self, first, last):
+ """ A helper function which calculates SHA1 checksum for the range of
+ blocks of the image file: from block 'first' to block 'last'. """
+
+ start = first * self.block_size
+ end = (last + 1) * self.block_size
+
+ self._f_image.seek(start)
+ hash_obj = hashlib.new("sha1")
+
+ chunk_size = 1024*1024
+ to_read = end - start
+ read = 0
+
+ while read < to_read:
+ if read + chunk_size > to_read:
+ chunk_size = to_read - read
+ chunk = self._f_image.read(chunk_size)
+ hash_obj.update(chunk)
+ read += chunk_size
+
+ return hash_obj.hexdigest()
+
+ def generate(self, include_checksums = True):
+ """ Generate bmap for the image file. If 'include_checksums' is 'True',
+ also generate SHA1 checksums for block ranges. """
+
+ # Save image file position in order to restore it at the end
+ image_pos = self._f_image.tell()
+
+ self._bmap_file_start()
+
+ # Generate the block map and write it to the XML block map
+ # file as we go.
+ self.mapped_cnt = 0
+ for first, last in self.fiemap.get_mapped_ranges(0, self.blocks_cnt):
+ self.mapped_cnt += last - first + 1
+ if include_checksums:
+ sha1 = self._calculate_sha1(first, last)
+ sha1 = " sha1=\"%s\"" % sha1
+ else:
+ sha1 = ""
+
+ if first != last:
+ self._f_bmap.write(" <Range%s> %s-%s </Range>\n" \
+ % (sha1, first, last))
+ else:
+ self._f_bmap.write(" <Range%s> %s </Range>\n" \
+ % (sha1, first))
+
+ self.mapped_size = self.mapped_cnt * self.block_size
+ self.mapped_size_human = human_size(self.mapped_size)
+ self.mapped_percent = (self.mapped_cnt * 100.0) / self.blocks_cnt
+
+ self._bmap_file_end()
+
+ try:
+ self._f_bmap.flush()
+ except IOError as err:
+ raise Error("cannot flush the bmap file '%s': %s" \
+ % (self._bmap_path, err))
+
+ self._f_image.seek(image_pos)
+
+ def __del__(self):
+ """ The class destructor which closes the opened files. """
+
+ if self._f_image_needs_close:
+ self._f_image.close()
+ if self._f_bmap_needs_close:
+ self._f_bmap.close()